Headwater catchments are small watersheds located at the uppermost reaches of river systems. They are often characterized by steep slopes, dense vegetation, and high levels of biodiversity. Headwater catchments play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle by regulating the flow of water downstream, filtering pollutants, and providing habitat for various species of plants and animals. Research in headwater catchments often focuses on understanding their role in the overall health of river ecosystems, the impact of land use and climate change on their functioning, and the effectiveness of conservation and management strategies in maintaining their ecological integrity.